Research progress on host restriction factors of respiratory viruses.

Respiratory viruses can cause a variety of serious respiratory infections and diseases of tissues and organs outside the respiratory tract, raising a potentially severe threat to the society.Virus replication and survival rely on the internal mechanism of host cells, and the latter also produce a variety of restriction factors that target viral invasion, genome transcription and replication, and assembly and release to block viral infection.Herein, this study reviewed the research progress of the antiviral effects of the host restriction factors of common respiratory viruses and their underlying mechanisms.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.

Talent management in hospitality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao: a contingency approach

Purpose: This study aims to examine talent management (TM) in the hospitality industry in Macao during COVID-19. It deploys a contingency theory perspective (Luthans and Stewart, 1977) to illuminate the heightened uncertainties and challenges talent managers faced during the pandemic and the urgent adaptations to TM practices they embraced in response. Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a phenomenological approach, this study analyzed data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a representative sample of 20 hotel managers in Macao. Findings: Managers reported four major categories of COVID-19-induced challenges and a corresponding set of contingent TM practices. The four contingent TM practices were found to contribute to the shaping of the next new normal in TM in hospitality and included the following: Contingent TM planning;contingent TM deployment and replacement;talent training and development under contingent arrangements;and changed "talent” attitude and practices in recruitment and retention. Research limitations/implications: The findings are limited to the geographical and industry context of the study. This study should be refined with larger samples. Practical implications: This study provides a useful framework for guiding professionals on how to manage talent during turmoil periods. It also contributes toward understanding the shifting meaning of talent and TM in hospitality. Originality/value: This study demonstrates the applicability of contingency theory in managing hospitality talent during turbulent times, which extends TM knowledge and enriches the contingency theory. The findings also facilitate our understanding on how contingent TM practices create processes that lead in setting the new normal. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

The relationship between psychological distress and professional identity in graduate nursing students during COVID-19: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis

There is growing evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health and professional identity of nursing students. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of psychological distress and professional identity and examine their causal relationship among graduate nursing students. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 556 graduate nursing students in China who were asked to complete the Questionnaires for Emergent Events of Public Health and the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nursing Students at three timepoints during the pandemic (T1 = onset of the outbreak, T2 = state-wide isolation, T3 = school reopening). The results showed that psychological distress and psychological identity changed over time, with the lowest psychological distress and highest professional identity at T3. The cross-lagged analysis showed that professional identity at T1 and T2 negatively predicted psychological distress at T2 and T3. We concluded that nurse educators should develop programs and strategies to cultivate professional identity in graduate nursing education to improve mental health during public health crises. © 2023: Editum. Universidad de Murcia (Spain).

Developing and Marketing Tourist Attractions in Ethnic Minority Destinations: Dilemmas from the supply-side in Congjiang, China

While the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the increasing popularity of rural and ethnic tourism, little research has examined what ethnic minority resources should be included as tourist attractions in their development stage. Building upon the seminal work of Leiper's tourist attraction system, this paper reveals what and how ethnic resources are selected and included in tour itineraries, in particular in rural areas where tourism development has started recently. The findings that are drawn from a field study, thematic interviews, and the analysis of government-endorsed promotional materials of Congjiang show that, apart from the intrinsic cultural value, the tour inclusion value that incorporates accessibility and the capacity of supporting facilities does not merely play the 'conditioning role' but instead becomes a prerequisite in an ethnic minority destination that is rurally situated.

Compensatory travel in the post COVID-19 pandemic era: How does boredom stimulate intentions?

To promote tourism recovery in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, it is critical to understand the psychological factors that either boost or suppress travel demands. However, little is known about the underlying psychological mechanism that affects compensatory travel intention. Therefore, by scrutinizing the roles that autonomous self -motivation, sensation seeking, and perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 play, this study conducted two scenario -based experiments (N = 223 + 200) to explore the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions behind the influence of boredom on compensatory travel intention. The findings reveal that people are more likely to generate compensatory travel intention when there is a higher level of boredom during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their desire for sensation seeking. This effect is magnified when people adopt autonomous self-motivating strategies. However, for people with high (vs. low) perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, a high level of boredom evokes lower compensatory travel intention through sensation seeking.

Chinese tourists’ changing behavior in package tours: The suppliers’ account

This study adopted an interpretive approach in understanding the development of the package tour industry in China and the Chinese tourists’ behavioral changes in consuming package tours, via two data sources—in-depth interviews with senior tour guides and tour operators, and content analysis of OP task sheets collected over a span of 30 years’ time. The findings revealed that substantive changes had taken place in all aspects including group structure, destination selection, itinerary, core tourist activities, supporting arrangement, personnel, and peripheral items of the package tours. The result has also shed light on the future trends and the challenges ahead, especially in the post-COVID era. Implications to tour operators and tourism marketers are discussed. © The Author(s) 2022.

How Personality Affects Flow Experience and Performance in Online Classes: A Cross-regional Comparison among Hospitality and Tourism Students

Owing to a swift shift in hospitality and tourism (H&T) education from physical to online since the breakout of COVID-19, quality assurance measure is required to gauge effectiveness of students' online learning. This study aims to explore the influence of H&T students' personality traits on flow experience and performance in online classes. It further assesses the cross-regional comparison among three regions in Greater China (including Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao). A questionnaire instrument was developed and distributed in the abovementioned three regions. From a total of 895 respondents, results showed that the students' personality traits influenced their experience and performance in online classes in a few ways. In addition, regional differences in education were used as a moderator to examine potential learning behavior differences in the three regions, and result confirms their existence. Theoretical and managerial implications were then discussed.

Human coronavirus OC43 and its correlation with SARS-CoV-2

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) belong to the β-coronavirus genus. Since the discovery in 1967, HCoV-OC43 has been continuously circulating in human population and has become one of the common seasonal respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2, which has a higher morbidity and fatality rate, appeared at the end of 2019, followed by the emergence of a variety of variants, and the transmission and infection capacity of SARS-CoV-2 has been enhanced. HCoV-OC43 may be similar to SARS-CoV-2 in terms of genomic structure and function, species evolution, epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestations. In this review, the epidemiology, genomics, phylogenetic evolution and other aspects of HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Such an analysis would be helpful to understand the association and differences between the two viruses, and provide reference for understanding the potential threats of HCoV-OC43.

Research progress on host restriction factors of respiratory viruses

Respiratory viruses can cause a variety of serious respiratory infections and diseases of tissues and organs outside the respiratory tract, raising a potentially severe threat to the society.Virus replication and survival rely on the internal mechanism of host cells, and the latter also produce a variety of restriction factors that target viral invasion, genome transcription and replication, and assembly and release to block viral infection.Herein, this study reviewed the research progress of the antiviral effects of the host restriction factors of common respiratory viruses and their underlying mechanisms. © 2021 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Art Therapy Experience Based on Online Education System for Higher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Communication Method

During the epidemic period, students' mental health needs more attention. Art therapy based on school can help students deal with psychological problems. However, with the implementation of online education, traditional art therapy needs to make changes to adapt to the current situation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the way of integrating art therapy communication into university online education system under the background of the pandemic, to clarify the significance and value of art therapy to defend the novel coronavirus pneumonia and to explore the problem and improvement of a kind of online group art therapy for higher education. This paper conducted an exploratory case study, which carried out an online group art therapy communication project on an English course provided by the school of design, the South China University of Technology for first-year postgraduates. 15 Chinese students participated in the project and they were interviewed after the project. The results show that this kind of online group art therapy project can help students to get a more positive emotional experience. Communication is the key to the success of this kind of art therapy, and network technology is the main challenge. In the future, it is necessary to establish an art therapy framework in the online education system and to explore more therapy programs and methods.

Hospitality Students Taking Synchronous Online Classes: Are They Ready?

Hospitality programs have relatively heavier hands-on components, and many subjects (if not all) are conventionally taught face-to-face. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced teaching and learning activities onto online platforms, in theoretical and practical components. Considering that hospitality students are used to the uniformed and face-to-face interaction dominant environment, how are they coping with their online classes? The current study explores hospitality students' online learning experience, taking into consideration their personality differences, learning skill levels, and perceived difficulty of learning tasks. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among hospitality students in Macao and Mainland China. Data were collected online from mid-May to early August 2020 using the platform Sojump. Over 700 students from all over the country responded to the survey, and 643 valid responses were included in the data analysis by using multiple regression models. Results suggest that the perceived level of challenge poses a good level of influence over students' learning experience, and personality differences add complications. Theoretical development and managerial implications are discussed, and suggestions regarding online teaching for hospitality students are provided.

What Frustrates Hospitality Students at the Mandatory Synchronous Online Classes?

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, most tertiary teaching and learning activities, including hospitality programs, have shifted to online platforms for an extended period. This is probably the first time that hospitality institutions have implemented mandatory synchronous online classes. While this has been deemed the best available solution, various issues and hurdles have hindered the learning process and harmed students' learning experience. Drawing mainly on qualitative data from a large-scale qualitative survey and seven focus group interviews involving 44 students, this study identifies factors that cause students anxiety and frustrate their learning process. These are categorized into interaction barriers, technical barriers, psychological and emotional barriers, perceived learning outcomes, lecturers' experience, class and course administration, and physical discomfort. Recommended adjustments to practice are discussed.

When in “China” do as the Chinese do: a case study of IHG’s HUALUXE’S localization in China

This case study explores the localization strategies that HUALUXE, an InterContinental Hotel Group brand, implemented in China and the reasons behind them. HUALUXE has been designed as a Chinese-featured hotel brand with key Chinese elements and unique Chinese hospitality and culture. HUALUXE’s localized operation and management also helped the company gain a competitive advantage during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The operation performance of HUALUXE hotels had excelled in its market segment. This case study introduces the establishment and development of HUALUXE to illustrate how an international hotel group competed in the fierce global market to distinguish and position itself. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Infection control measures and practice in gastrointestinal endoscopy departments during the novel coronavirus infection period

Objective: To explore and evaluate infection control measures of preventing cross-contamination of novel coronavirus during gastrointestinal endoscopy treatment. Methods: According to the hospital's infection control requirements and related documents, infection control measures were formulated and implemented by combining with our actual clinical situation, including the management of the endoscope room, management and protection of patients and endoscopists. Then, we evaluated the effect of these measures. Results: From January 25 to March 10, 2020, a total of 71 patients (53 males and 18 females) completed gastrointestinal endoscopy treatment, with an average age of 54 years (28-81 years). There were 36 (50.7%) cases of emergency treatment. All patients had been kept in quarantine for about 14 days (24±13), and no cross-contamination of novel coronavirus occurred. Conclusion: During the novel coronavirus infection epidemic period, reasonable and effective measures should be taken to minimize the risk of infection in doctors and patients. The endoscope center should strengthen preoperative screening and management of patients, master indications of endoscopic procedures, complete endoscopists' management and protection work, strictly follow the specifications of sterilizing gastrointestinal endoscopes, and construct the layout of "three zones and two passages".

COVID-19: A challenge for forensic and pathological researchers

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, in December 2019, then spread rapidly in a very short time resulting in thousands of deaths. Unfortunately, details about the pathological mechanisms involved in the disease - including those associated with death - are currently scant. It is important to perform autopsies and pathological examinations of patients who have died from COVID-19 as soon as possible. This is the responsibility of forensic and pathological researchers, but it does pose various challenges. Such autopsies should be conducted in an isolated operating room under constantly maintained negative pressure. The examiners should be protectively equipped in accordance with biosafety level 3 requirements. It is essential to disinfect the room, facilities, instruments, and materials after the procedure and to dispose of all wastes appropriately. Cautious and precise operations during autopsies and pathological examinations will minimize the possibility of viral transmission. As many autopsies of COVID-19 patients as possible should be performed, until a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis and death has been attained. © 2020 Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Trial of Chloroquines in the Treatment of COVID-19 and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology.

ABSTRACT: Chloroquines are the long-established prescription drug, which are often used clinically to treat malaria and connective tissue diseases. Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19） outbreaks caused by 2019 novel coronavirus （2019-nCoV） has occurred in China and many countries around the world. Due to the lack of drugs against COVID-19, the disease spreads rapidly and the mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, specific drugs against 2019-nCoV need to be quickly screened. The antimalarial drug chloroquine phosphate which has already been approved is confirmed to have an anti-2019-nCoV effect and has been included in diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. However, awareness of the risk of chloroquine phosphate causing acute poisoning or even death should be strengthened. The current dosage recommended in clinical treatment is larger than that in previous treatment of malaria and the period of treatment is longer. Many provinces have required close clinical monitoring of adverse reactions. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects, poisoning and toxicological mechanisms, in vivo metabolism and distribution, and forensic issues of chloroquine drugs, in order to provide help to forensic practice and clinical work.